FEBS Letters
Volume 564, Issue 3 , Pages 269-273 , 30 April 2004

Heavier-than-air flying machines are impossible

Edited by Fritz Winkler and Andreas Engel

  • L Oliveira

      Affiliations

    • Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • ,
  • T Hulsen

      Affiliations

    • CMBI, KUN, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • D Lutje Hulsik

      Affiliations

    • Molecular Cell Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • ,
  • A.C.M Paiva

      Affiliations

    • Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • ,
  • G Vriend

      Affiliations

    • CMBI, KUN, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Fax: (31)-24-3652977

Received 17 December 2003 ,Accepted 23 February 2004.

References 

  1. Watson, S. and Arkinstall, S. (1994) The G-protein Linked Receptor Facts Book, Academic Press, New York.
  2. Horn F, Weare J, Beukers MW, Horsch S, Bairoch A, Chen W, et al. GPCRDB: an information system for G protein-coupled receptors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1998;26:275–279
  3. Beukers MW, Kristiansen I, IJzerman AP, Edvardsen O. TinyGRAP database: a bioinformatics tool to mine G protein-coupled receptor mutant data. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 1999;20:475–477
  4. Pebay-Peyroula E, Rummel G, Rosenbusch JP, Landau EM. X-ray structure of bacteriorhodopsin at 2.5 angstroms from microcrystals grown in lipid cubic phases. Science. 1997;277:1676–1681
  5. Luecke H, Richter HT, Lanyi JK. Proton transfer pathways in bacteriorhodopsin at 2.3 Ångstrom resolution. Science. 1998;280:1934–1937
  6. Takeda K, Sato H, Hino T, Kono M, Fukuda K, Sakurai I, et al. A novel three-dimensional crystal of bacteriorhodopsin obtained by successive fusion of the vesicular assemblies. J. Mol. Biol. 1998;283:463–474
  7. Henderson R, Schertler GFX. The structure of bacteriorhodopsin and its relevance to the visual opsins and other seven-helix G protein-coupled receptors. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 1990;326:379–389
  8. Palczewski K, Kumasaka T, Hori T, Behnke CA, Motoshima H, Fox BA, et al. Crystal structure of rhodopsin: a G protein-coupled receptor. Science. 2000;289:739–745
  9. Baldwin JM. The probable arrangement of the helices in G protein-coupled receptors. EMBO J. 1993;12:1693–1703
  10. Unger VM, Schertler GFX. Low resolution structure of bovine rhodopsin determined by electron cryo-microscopy. Biophys. J. 1995;68:1776–1786
  11. Schertler GF, Villa C, Henderson R. Projection structure of rhodopsin. Nature. 1993;362:770–772
  12. Unger VM, Hargrave PA, Baldwin JM, Schertler GFX. Arrangement of rhodopsin transmembrane alpha-helices. Nature. 1997;389:203–206
  13. Schertler GFX, Hargrave PA. Projection structure of frog rhodopsin in two crystal forms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995;92:11578–11582
  14. Filizola M, Perez JJ, Carteni-Farina M. BUNDLE: A program for building the transmembrane domains of G protein-coupled receptors. J. Comput.-Aid. Mol. Des. 1998;12:111–118
  15. Prusis P, Schiöth HB, Muceniece R, Herzyk P, Afshar M, Hubbard RE, et al. Modelling of the three-dimensional structure of the human melanocortin 1 receptor, using an automated method and docking of a rigid cyclic melanocyte-stimulating hormone core peptide. J. Mol. Graph. Mod. 1997;15:307–315
  16. Bramblett RD, Panu AM, Ballesteros JA, Reggio PH. Construction of a 3D model of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor: determination of helix ends and helix orientation. Life Sci. 1995;56:1971–1982
  17. Donnelly D, Overington JP, Ruffle SV, Nugent JH, Blundell TL. Modelling alpha-helical transmembrane domains: the calculation and use of substitution tables for lipid-facing residues. Protein Sci. 1993;2:55–70
  18. Pardo L, Ballesteros JA, Osman R, Weinstein H. On the use of the transmembrane domain of bacteriorhodopsin as a template for modeling the three-dimensional structure of guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1992;89:4009–4012
  19. Herzyk P, Hubbard RE. Combined biophysical and biochemical information confirms arrangement of transmembrane helices visible from the three-dimensional map of frog rhodopsin. J. Mol. Biol. 1998;281:741–754
  20. Pogozheva ID, Lomize AL, Mosberg HI. The transmembrane 7-alpha-bundle of rhodopsin: distance geometry calculations with hydrogen bonding constraints. Biophys. J. 1997;72:1963–1985
  21. Cronet P, Sander C, Vriend G. Modelling of transmembrane seven helix bundles. Protein Eng. 1993;6:59–64
  22. http://www.gpcr.org/articles/2003_mod/index.html.
  23. Venclovas C, Zemla A, Fidelis K, Moult J. Comparison of performance in successive CASP Experiments. Proteins. 2001;5(Suppl.):163–170
  24. Wang Z, Asenjo AB, Oprian DD. Identification of the Cl-binding site in the human red and green colour vision pigments. Biochemistry. 1993;32:2125–2130
  25. Ballesteros JA, Shi L, Javitch JA. Structural mimicry in G protein-coupled receptors: implications of the high-resolution structure of rhodopsin for structure-function analysis of rhodopsin-like receptors. Mol. Pharmacol. 2001;60:1–19
  26. Orry AJW, Wallace BA. Modelling and docking the endothelin G protein-coupled receptor. Biophys. J. 2000;79:3083–3094
  27. Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Murcia M, Benhamu B, Olivella M, Campillo M, Pardo L. Computational model of the complex between GR113808 and the 5-HT4 receptor guided by site-directed mutagenesis and the crystal structure of rhodopsin. J. Comput.-Aid. Mol. Des. 2001;15:1025–1033
  28. Lopez-Rodriguez ML, Vicente B, Deupi X, Barrondo S, Olivella M, Morcillo MJ, et al. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 5-hydroxytryptamine(1a) receptor ligands to explore the three-dimensional structure of the receptor. Mol. Pharmacol. 2002;62:15–21
  29. Shim JY, Welsh WJ, Howlett AC. Homology model of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor: Sites critical for nonclassical cannabinoid agonist interaction. Biopolymers. 2003;71:169–189
  30. Vaidehi N, Floriano WB, Trabanino R, Hall SE, Freddolino P, Choi EJ, et al. Prediction of structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002;99:12622–12627
  31. Lequin O, Bolbach G, Frank F, Convert O, Girault-Lagrange S, Chassaing G, et al. Involvement of the second extracellular loop (E2) of the neurokinin-1 receptor in the binding of substance P. Photoaffinity labeling and modeling studies. J. Biol. Chem. 2002;277:22386–22394
  32. Chung DA, Zuiderweg ER, Fowler CB, Soyer OS, Mosberg HI, Neubig RR. NMR structure of the second intracellular loop of the alpha 2A adrenergic receptor: evidence for a novel cytoplasmic helix. Biochemistry. 2002;41:3596–3604
  33. Yang X, Wang Z, Dong W, Ling L, Yang H, Chen R. Modeling and docking of the three-dimensional structure of the human melanocortin 4 receptor. J. Protein Chem. 2003;22:335–344
  34. Mehler EL, Periole X, Hassan SA, Weinstein H. Key issues in the computational simulation of GPCR function: representation of loop domains. J. Comput.-Aid. Mol. Des. 2002;16:841–853
  35. Pellegrini M, Bremer AA, Ulfers AL, Boyd ND, Mierke DF. Molecular characterization of the substance P∗neurokinin-1 receptor complex: development of an experimentally based model. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276:22862–22867
  36. Church WB, Jones KA, Kuiper DA, Shine J, Iismaa TP. Molecular modelling and site-directed mutagenesis of human GALR1 galanin receptor defines determinants of receptor subtype specificity. Protein Eng. 2002;5:313–323
  37. Shi L, Javitch JA. The binding site of aminergic G protein-coupled receptors: the transmembrane segments and second extracellular loop. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2002;42:437–467
  38. Yeagle PL, Alderfer JL, Albert AD. Structure determination of the fourth cytoplasmic loop and carboxyl terminal domain of bovine rhodopsin. Mol. Vis. 1996;2:12–19
  39. Yeagle PL, Alderfer JL, Salloum AC, Ali L, Albert AD. The first and second cytoplasmic loops of the G protein-receptor, rhodopsin, independently form beta-turns. Biochemistry. 1997;36:3864–3869
  40. Yeagle PL, Alderfer JL, Albert AD. Structure of the third cytoplasmic loop of bovine rhodopsin. Biochemistry. 1995;34:14621–14625
  41. Yeagle PL, Salloum A, Chopra A, Bhawsar N, Ali L, Kuzmanovski G, et al. Structures of the intradiskal loops and amino terminus of the G-protein receptor, rhodopsin. J. Pept. Res. 2000;55:455–465
  42. Vriend G. WHAT IF: A molecular modeling and drug design program. J. Mol. Graph. 1990;8:52–56
  43. Liang Y, Fotiadis D, Filipek S, Saperstein DA, Palczewski K, Engel A. Organization of the G protein-coupled receptors rhodopsin and opsin in native membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 2003;278:21655–21662
  44. Oliveira L, Paiva ACM, Vriend G. A common motif in G protein-coupled seven transmembrane helix receptors. J. Comput.-Aid. Mol. Des. 1993;7:649–658
  45. Kuipers W, Van Wijngaarden I, IJzerman AP. A model of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor: agonist and antagonist binding sites. Drug Des. Discov. 1994;11:231–249
  46. Kuipers W, Oliveira L, Vriend G, IJzerman AP. Identification of class-determining residues in G protein-coupled receptors by sequence analysis. Receptors Channels. 1997;5:159–174
  47. Rippmann F, Bottcher E. Molecular modelling of serotonin receptors. 7TM. 1993;3:1–27

PII: S0014-5793(04)00320-5

doi: 10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00320-5

FEBS Letters
Volume 564, Issue 3 , Pages 269-273 , 30 April 2004