Chromatin remodelling and actin organisation

Abstract 

Chromatin remodelling is a prerequisite for nuclear processes, and cells have several different ways of remodelling the chromatin structure. The ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes are large multiprotein complexes that use ATP to change DNA–histone contacts. These complexes are classified into 4 sub-families depending on the central ATPase. The switch mating type/sucrose non-fermenting (SWI/SNF) complexes are mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, and this means that they are involved in many processes, such as the formation of actin filaments in the cytoplasm. SWI/SNF complexes are involved in the regulation of genes expressing cell adhesion proteins and extracellular matrix proteins. Actin is also present in the nucleus, affecting transcription, RNA processing and export. In addition, actin and actin-related proteins are subunits of SWI/SNF complexes and the INO80-containing complexes, another subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes. Not all functions of the actin and actin-related proteins in the complexes are yet clear: it is known that they play important roles in maintaining the stability of the proteins, possibly by bridging subunits and recruiting the complexes to chromatin.

Abbreviations: SWI/SNF, switch mating type/sucrose non-fermenting, ISWI, imitation of SWI, CHD, chromodomain-helicase-DNA binding protein, BAF, BRG1/BRM associated factor, RSC, remodels the structure of chromatin, ROCK, Rho kinase, SRF, serum response factor, TCF, ternary complex factor, MAL, megakaryocytic acute leukemia, SWR1, Swi2/Snf2 related, NuA4, nucleosome acetyl-transferase histone 4, SRCAP, SNF2-related CBP-activating protein, TIP60, tat interactive protein 60kDa, TRRAP, transformation-transactivation domain-associated protein, ARP, actin-related protein, HAT, histone acetyl-transferase, HMT, histone methyl-transferase, HDAC, histone deacetylase, EMT, epithelial–mesenchyme transition

Keywords: Chromatin, SWI/SNF, INO80, SRCAP, B-WICH, Nuclear myosin 1, Actin, Actin related proteins, MAL